Compound and mixture; Examples and differences

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Compound

A compound is formed from the combination of two or more element which are chemically combined together. Examples are:

marble chips/ Limestone/ Chalk (Caco₃),
sodium chloride (Nacl),
caustic soda or Sodium hydroxide (Na OH),
Lime water or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂)
Lime (Cao)
Epsom salt/water (MgSO4. 7H2O)
Urea (CH4N2O)
Clay (Al2O3 2SiO2 2H2O)

Note: A compound a formed as a result of chemical changes. Therefore, it is a new substance with entirely different properties from its component element.

Read more on Elements

Compound and their component Element.

Compound	Component element	Formula
Ammonium hydroxide	Nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen	NH₄ OH
Sand	Silicon and oxygen	SiO₂
Ethanol	Carbon, Hydrogen, and oxygen	C₂ H₅ OH
Glucose	Carbon, Hydrogen, and oxygen	C₆ H₁₂O₆
Washing Soda	Sodium, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen	Na₂CO₃ .H₂O
Soap	carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen	C₁₇ H₃₅COO Na

Formulae of compound

Compounds Formula of compound can be derived or deduced from the valency of component element or radical. Examples are given below:

Compound	Formulae
Sodium tetraoxosulphate (vi)	Na₂SO₄
Potassium trioxocarbonate (iv)	K₂CO₃
Ammonium tetraoxosulphate (vi)	(NH₄)SO₄
Aluminium oxide	Al₂O₃
Ammonium hydroxide	NH₄OH
Calcium hydrogen trioxocarbonate (iv)	Ca(HCO₃)₂
Sodium dioxonitrate	Na NO₂
Calcium trioxonitrate (v)	Ca (NO₃)₂
Ammonium trioxocarbonate (iv)	(NH₄)₂CO₃

Mixture

Mixture is a substance which contains two or more compounds which are physically combined together. Examples:

(a) Salt and water

(b) Kerosene and water

(d) Iron filling

(e) Sulphur

(f) Sugar solution etc.

Note: A mixture is a product of physical change. Therefore, it cannot be represented by any chemical equation.

Differences between compound and mixture

Compound	Mixture
· The components of a compound are	The constituent of a mixture are
Chemically combined.	Physically combined

· It is homogeneous in nature.	It is heterogeneous in nature.

· The properties of a compound is individual	The properties is the sum of the
totally different from its component	Properties of its constituent.
Element.

· It can be represented by simple chemical Chemical Equations.	It cannot be represented by simple equations.

· The components are in fixed ratio.	The constituents are not in fixed ratio.
There is an evidence of a chemical reaction reaction In a compound. Therefore, it cannot be separated constituents by physical means.	There is no evidence of a chemical In a mixture. Therefore, the Of a mixture can be separated by Physical means.